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    浣滆€咃細涓栭€氭娓�(c猫)銆€渚嗘簮锛氭湰绔欏師鍓�(chu脿ng)銆€娴侀噺锛�7138銆€鐧�(f膩)甯冩檪(sh铆)闁擄細2012/11/26 10:10:47

    楣电礌娓�(c猫)瑭�鐨勭劇鑱婂拰鍖栧(xu茅)鐗规€�

     

    閫氬父渚嗚锛屾恫楂旈沟绱犲垎瀛愮殑娌搁粸(di菐n)鍧囪楂樹簬瀹冨€戞墍灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭兇閺�(alcane)銆傞€欎富瑕佹槸鐢变簬楣电礌娓�(c猫)瑭﹀垎瀛愭瘮鐑撮張鏇村姞闆绘サ鍖�锛岃€屽垎瀛愮殑闆绘サ鍖栧鍔犱簡鍒嗗瓙涔嬮枔鐨勯€f帴鍔�(姝i浕妤佃垏璨�(f霉)闆绘サ鐨勭浉浜掑惛寮�)锛岄€欎娇鎴戝€戦渶瑕佸皪(du矛)娑查珨鎻愪緵鏇村鐨勮兘閲忔墠鑳戒娇鍏惰捀鐧�(f膩)銆�

     

    楣电礌鐨勭墿鐞嗙壒鎬у拰鍖栧(xu茅)鐗规€ф槑椤崁(q奴)鍒嗚垏浜庡畠灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭兇閺堢殑涓昏鍘熷洜锛屽湪浜庨沟绱犲師瀛�(濡�F,Cl,Br,I)鑸囩⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勯€f帴锛屽嵆C-X鐨勯€f帴锛屾槑椤笉鍚屼簬鐑撮張C-H閫f帴銆�

     

    * 鐢变簬楣电礌鍘熷瓙閫氬父鍏锋湁杓冨ぇ鐨勮矤(f霉)闆绘€э紝鎵€浠�C-X閫f帴姣�C-H閫f帴鏇村姞闆绘サ鍖�锛屼絾浠嶇劧鏄叡鍍�(ji脿)閸�銆�

     

    * 鐢变簬楣电礌鍘熷瓙鐩歌純浜庣⒊鍘熷瓙锛岄€氬父楂旂⿳鍜岃唱(zh矛)閲忚純澶�锛屾墍浠�C-X閫f帴鐨勫伓妤靛瓙鐭�(Dipole Moment)鍜岄嵉鑳�(Bonding Energy)閬�(yu菐n)澶т簬C-H锛岄€欎簺灏�(d菐o)鑷翠簡C-X鐨勯€f帴鍔�(Bonding strength)閬�(yu菐n)灏忎簬C-H閫f帴銆�

     

    * 楣电礌鍘熷瓙鑴嗗急鐨�p杌岄亾(Orbital)鑸囩⒊鍘熷瓙绌�(w臎n)瀹氱殑sp3杌岄亾鐩搁€f帴锛岄€欎篃澶уぇ闄嶄綆浜�C-X閫f帴鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆�

     

    浣嶄簬鍏冪礌鍛ㄦ湡琛ㄥ彸鏂圭殑楣垫棌鍏冪礌鏄吀鍨嬬殑闈為噾灞�銆傞沟绱犵殑闆诲瓙妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪潎鐐�ns2np5锛屽畠鍊戠嵅鍙栦竴鍊�(g猫)闆诲瓙浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒扮┅(w臎n)瀹氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮定鍕�(sh矛)妤靛挤(qi谩ng)鐑�銆傛墍浠ュ寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)寰堟椿娼�锛岃嚜鐒剁媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬩笉鑳戒互鍠唱(zh矛)瀛樺湪锛屼竴鑸寲鍚堝児(ji脿)鐐�-1鍍�(ji脿)锛屽嵆楣甸洟瀛�(X-)鐨勫舰寮�銆�

     

    楣电礌鍠唱(zh矛)閮芥湁姘у寲鎬�锛屾哀鍖栨€у緸姘熷埌纰樹緷娆¢檷浣庛€傜鍠唱(zh矛)姘у寲鎬ф瘮杓冨急锛屼笁鍍�(ji脿)閻甸洟瀛愬彲浠ユ妸纰橀洟瀛愭哀鍖栫偤纰�銆�

     

    楣电礌鍠唱(zh矛)鍦ㄥ牽涓鏄撴鍖�锛屾柟绋嬪紡鐐猴細

    3X?(g)+6OH-(aq)——→5X-(aq)+ XO3-(aq)+3H2O(l)

     

    浣嗗湪閰告€ф浠朵笅锛屽叾閫嗗弽鎳�(y墨ng)寰堝鏄撻€�(j矛n)琛岋細

    5X-(aq)+XO3-(aq)+6H+(aq)——→3X?(g)+3H2O(l)

     

    閫欎竴鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏄埗鍙栨捍鍜岀鍠唱(zh矛)娴佺▼涓殑鏈€鍚庝竴姝�銆�

     

    楣电礌娓�(c猫)瑭︾殑姘寲鐗╁彨楣靛寲姘�锛岀偤鍏卞児(ji脿)鍖栧悎鐗�;鑰屽叾婧舵恫鍙矮楣甸吀锛屽洜?y脿n)妯楅紙鍐�(c猫)璋掝啳鍗稿鍣獂瀛愬舰寮忓瓨鍦�锛屼笖閮芥槸閰搞€傛矮姘熼吀涓€鑸湅鎴愭槸寮遍吀锛�pKa=3.20銆傛矮姘吀(鍗抽菇閰�)銆佹矮婧撮吀銆佹矮纰橀吀閮芥槸鍖栧(xu茅)涓吀鍨嬬殑寮�(qi谩ng)閰革紝瀹冨€戠殑pKa鍧囩偤璨�(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)锛岄吀鎬у緸HCl鍒�HI渚濇澧炲挤(qi谩ng)銆�

     

    楣电礌鍙互椤ず澶氱ó鍍�(ji脿)鎱�(t脿i)锛屾鍍�(ji脿)鎱�(t脿i)涓€鑸兘楂旂従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ畠鍊戠殑鍚哀閰告牴涓細

    +1: HXO (娆¢沟閰�)

    +3: HXO?(浜為沟閰�)

    +5: HXO?(楣甸吀)

    +7: HXO?(楂橀沟閰�)

     

    楣电礌鐨勫惈姘ч吀鍧囨湁姘у寲鎬э紝鍚屼竴绋厓绱犱腑锛屾楣甸吀鐨勬哀鍖栨€ф渶寮�(qi谩ng)銆�

     

    楣电礌鐨勬哀鍖栫墿閮芥槸閰搁厫銆傚儚浜屾哀鍖栨隘(ClO?)閫欐ǎ鐨勫伓姘у寲鎱�(t脿i)姘у寲鐗╂槸娣烽厫銆�

     

    鍙敱鍏╃ó涓嶅悓鐨勯沟绱犲舰鎴愮殑鍖栧悎鐗╁彨鍋氫簰楣靛寲鐗�锛屽叾涓’闆绘鎬х殑涓€绋厓绱犲憟鐝�(xi脿n)姝f哀鍖栨厠(t脿i)锛屾哀鍖栨厠(t脿i)鐐哄鏁�(sh霉)銆傞€欐槸鐢变簬楣电礌鐨勫児(ji脿)闆诲瓙鏁�(sh霉)鏄鏁�(sh霉)锛屽懆鍦嶄互濂囨暩(sh霉)鍊�(g猫)鍏跺畠楣靛師瀛愯垏涔嬫垚閸垫瘮杓冪┅(w臎n)瀹�(濡�IF7)?锛涱瀬u鍖栫墿閮借兘姘磋В銆�

     

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